Level 2
参考:レベル2 日常生活で活躍する英単語(アルクのレベル別語彙リスト)、Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, Collins Dictionary, Vocabulary.com, The American Heritage Dictionary
alive [əláɪv] あライヴ
allow of sth《正式》を可能にする - The sentence allows of two possible interpretations.
complain of sth (頭痛や腹痛・風邪ひきなど体の)苦痛を訴える
empty A of B AからBを除く - I had emptied the room of all furniture.
demand of[from] sb/sth に要求する
expect of[from] sb/sth に期待する
inform A (of B) AにBを知らせる
warn (A) of B - Police have warned of possible delays. (Oxf)
be aware of を知っている - I'm fully aware of what you said that night.〔※of は疑問代名詞の場合は通例省略し、関係詞節の場合は省略しない〕
be delivered of a baby《正式》子を授かる
amount n 量 v amount to sth (合計・重要度などが to 以下に)及ぶ、達する、のぼる =mean, become
anxious adj 1心配で落ち着かない、気がかりで不安な - anxious for my children / about the meeting 2(物事が)心配な・させる、気がかりな、(人が)心配そうな - shows anxious look 3 待ち望んで落ち着かない - anxious for work / (for you) to get a job / that sv
"Today the word typically encompasses both worry and anticipation" (…) "But when no sense of uneasiness is attached to the situation, anxious isn't the best word" (Oxf American Writer's Thesaurus)
▼BURNED or BURNT(英米のスペリング・発音の違い)
hang - hung - hung(吊るす)
hang - hanged - hanged(絞首刑にする)
lay - laid - laid(横たえる)
lie - lay - lain(横たわる)
lie - lied - lied
多義語 ★★★★★(★は重要度:Collins Dictionaryによる頻出度 ★5つが最高)account
n1話、説明、弁明 - on account of (=because of) - on my account 2取引、銀行口座(略 a/c)(=bank account);預貯金額、取引口座(アカウント) 3会計 4信用取引、つけ (also 米=charge account 英=credit account) - buy sth on account 5取引先、顧客 6金銭関連の明細書 7評価、評判
vt account A B [svoc] 《正式》《主に受身》AをBとみなす - In American law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty. - The event was accounted a success. - I account myself fortunate.
vi account for の説明となる -There's no accounting for taste.《諺》盾食う虫も好き好き - Oh well, that accounts for it (= I understand now why it happened). - How do you account for the show's success? - We have to account for every penny we spend on business trips.〔明細を出す〕/(割合を)占める - The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue./《受身》の行方が知れる - all present and accounted for〔全員揃っている意の返答〕- All passengers have now been accounted for. - Three files cannot be accounted for.
address
n [ədrés | ǽdres] 1 宛先、住所、《IT》記憶装置の番地 2 (公式な)挨拶、演説 - President's address to the nation 3 話しかけ(方) - form / mode / manner of address
vt [ədrés] 1address a letter to sb《主に受身》に宛てる、宛先を書く - This letter is addressed to you. 2 (会合で)話をする - address a meeting 3《正式》[+ sb] [+ sth to sb] [svo] 話しかける、話す - He addressed us, and said, … 、《正式》問題提起する - To address these concerns, the cabinet proposed a three-pronged strategy… (Reuters, 2016) 4取り組む、対処する - address oneself to sth 5口述や創作活動で訴えかける
direct [dərékt | di- | daɪ-] 1adj adv 直接の・に、直の・に - direct sunlight / heat adj 2 直行の 3 単刀直入な 4〔限定用法〕正確な、きっかり、真・正~の、=exact - the direct opposite 5 直系の
v [svo]1 [+ sth at/to/against] (を…に)向ける 2指揮を執る 3 (映画やオーケストラの)監督・指揮をする 4 direct A to B 道順・行き先を教える 5 direct A to do《正式》公式に命令する 6《正式》(手紙・苦情などを担当部署に)差し向ける、回す - Direct any complaints to the Customer Services department. (Oxf)
figure n 1数 - I've asked to see all the facts and figures before I make a decision. 2数字 3《口語》figures 算数、“足し算”、“数字” =arithmetic 4(叙述するタイプの)人物 - be / become a figure of fun 5 人影 6(特に女性の)姿 - He cut a striking figure in his white dinner jacket. 7(絵画や物語の)人物、動物 8(人物・動物の)彫刻 9文書中の画像や写真(脚注用に振る番号に fig. の略語がよく使われる)10《幾何》線や面で作られた形 11 氷上で表現される一連の型や動き
v 1 figure in 関わる、関わっている - figure in a plan 2《俗語》考えて理解する、答えを見つける - That's what I figured. そう思った - Go figure! 《北米口語》なぜでしょう - It/That figures. なるほど 3《北米》(費用や数量を)算出する、見積もりを出す
figure on sth と予想する
figure out sth 考えて答えを見出す
sense v 1[svo(c)] [+ sb/sth (do/doing sth)] 感じる 2(機器が)感知する
n 1感覚器官 - the five senses 2感覚 - I got a sense that… のような気がする - a good sense of humore 3良識、分別(道理をわきまえていること) - Can't you talk sense (= say something sensible)? 4意味 - There's no sense in worring about it now. - In a sense, … (=In a way, …) ある意味、… - make sense 意味を成す
subject [sʌ́bdʒɪkt | -ekt] n 主題 - His private life is the subject of much speculation.、学科、(写真・絵画などの)題材、被写体 - Focus the camera on the subject.、被験者、患者、容疑者、国民(特に王国の臣民)、《文法》主語
adj be subject to sth《の主題の》の影響下の、となりやすい/しだいの、による - The settlements are subject to approval by the bankruptcy court judge. (Wall Street Journal, Nov. 1, 2016)〔許可待ちの〕/の管理・支配下の - As a diplomat, he is not subject to local laws. - Travelers are subject to the laws and customs of the countries they are in. (TSA of US)
〔限定用法〕他国政府に支配された - subject peoples
v [səbdʒékt]《正式》[+ sth (to/for sth)] 支配下・影響下にする - a plan subjected for approval 許可申請中の計画 - Even this type of research can be subjected to scrutiny.
多義語 ★★★★
apply
1申請する apply for a job / passport / grant, apply to a company / university
apply A (to B) 2応用・使用する 3(塗料・クリームなどを)塗る、つける 4 apply (A) to B Bに該当する 5 (仕事・勉強に)投入する - apply yourself to studying - apply minds to find solution 6力をかける - apply pressure to the wound to stop the bleeding.
bear- bore - borne 《原義:運ぶ》v1 bear the weight of 重さに耐える;〔主に否定的な文や疑問文で〕(物事・比較・検査・感情などに)耐える、堪える noises, complaints, or Jokes that don't bear repeating, someone's sufferings that hard to bear just thinking about. 2《正式》[svo(o)] 携(たずさ)える、所持する bear the responsibility / cost / blame (of/for sth)〔責任〕, people bore you no ill will (Oxf)〔否定的感情〕, a title that bears little relation to the contents〔意味・関係〕, an old book that bears someone's message to her grandchild〔手紙〕, a family that bore a historical name, "Abram's wife had borne him no children, (Genesis 16:1)"〔子〕, someone couldn't bear (=carry) any child, plants to bear flowers and fruits〔花・果実〕, bear a direction as "At next corner, bear (to the) right".〔方角をとる〕
3《古風》携行する - The three wise men bearing gifts.
bear oneself [+adj]《正式》(~に)身をこなす、ふるまう〔(叙述するように)身を運ぶ〕- bears herself with a dignity / certain grace
n 1熊 2《株》値下がりしたときに買い戻すつもりで売る人
charge n 1〔可・不可算〕値段 - free of charge - ask a small charge for sth 2《北米・口》後・つけ払い 3 犯罪、刑法上の罪 4 訴え、苦情 - careful not to leave yourself open to charges of political bias 5 任務、担当、役割 - in charge of の担当 - I'm in charge. 私が責任者です 6 充電 7 充電してある(電池に残る)電気・電力 8 (兵士・動物・スポーツなどの)突撃、暴力的な攻撃 9 爆発物に詰められた起爆剤・爆薬 10 感情・創作活動の原動力 11《犬への命令》伏せ
get a charge out of《北米》から刺激・力を得る
v 1 値をつける、代金を請求する、請求額を記す 2 告訴する、法に訴える、《正式》非難する 3 突進・突入・突撃する 4 充電する 5《正式》《主に受身》役目をあてがう 6《主に受身》感情で満たす - A place being charged with (emotion) 7《英・正式》グラスを満たす 8《古》銃を装填する
exact adj 細部に渡り正確な、正確を期した
v 《正式》exact A (from B)〔仕返し・災難などを〕強要する - He exacted (=took) a terrible revenge for their treatment of him. (Oxf) - Stress can exact a high price from workers (= can affect them badly). (Oxf)
exercise n 1〔不可算〕(心身の健康のための)運動 2〔可算〕通常、複数形:(一連の)体操、訓練、練習、稽古 =practice - military exercises 軍事演習 3〔可算〕練習問題 4 (権利・権力の)行使、発動、(技術・能力の)発揮、使用 - the exercise of discretion (役所や支部などの)自由裁量の行使 5 実行、遂行、実践 =practice - an exercise in public relations 広報活動 6《北米》(pl) 儀式 - college graduation exercises 大学の卒業式
vi 運動する
vt 1 (権利・権力・能力・資質を)使う、発揮する、行使・発動する - exercise caution / control、(任務などを)実行・遂行する 2運動・訓練させる、鍛える. - exercise your arms and shoulders / pet animals 3《正式》exercise (about sth)《通常、受身》人心を煩わせる - The public are less exercised about this matter than the media. (Oxf)
【比較】practice 習う・練習/実践/習い・慣習/開業
reserve vt 1予約する 2とっておく、残しておく 3控える、抑える - I’d prefer to reserve (my) judgement until I know all the facts. - to reserve voice tone for small children 4維持・保持する - All rights reserved.
n 1 蓄え 2 自然保護区 3《米》原住民保留地 4 内向、遠慮 - a person with a natural reserve〔引っ込み思案〕 - to talk without reserve〔遠慮〕 5《正式》注意、用心、警戒心 - Any contract should be treated with reserve until it has been checked.〔注意して取り扱う〕- to trust without reserve 何の警戒心もなく信用する 6 補欠選手、the reserve(s) 予備軍 7 競売で売り手が指定する最低額
つい前置詞を落としやすい自動詞
agree with you
complain of headache / the changes
object to their decision
つい前置詞を入れそうな他動詞
approach me / the station / the entrance / the problem
attend (the) class / (the) ceremony / (the) school 〔出席する、通う〕( » attend (to) a customer / a patient / business 〔面倒を見る〕【参照:下のグラフ▼】)
discuss the problem / the project / Star Wars
wish you a Merry Christmas
claim v 1 [+ sth] [+ that sv] [+ to be/do sth] (事実だ、自分の所有物・権利だと)主張・断言する - I don't claim to be an expert (Oxf)〔名乗る〕- You claim your suitcase at the baggage counter. - claim back sth, or claim sth back 2 vt vi 政府や会社に手当・保険金・補償金などを請求・申請する - You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train. (Oxf) 3 [+ sth] (権利・地位・席・関心などを)獲得する - She has finally claimed a place on the team. - A most unwelcome event claimed his attention. (Oxf)〔関心を呼ぶ〕 、(災禍が)人命を奪う
An American domestic terrorist, Timothy McVeigh was executed for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, which claimed the lives of 168 men, women, and children and is considered the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in US history. McVeigh was an anti-government survivalist and a keen reader of the controversial book The Turner Diaries, which describes terrorist acts similar to the one he carried out. (Timothy McVeigh Executed (2001) - This Day in History - The Free Dictionary Language Forums, 2014)
n 1 (権利・事実の)主張 - claims of witnessing sth - claims that they have witnessed sth - to lay/stake (out) a/your claim to/on/for sth 2 権利 - She has more claim to the book's success than anybody (= she deserves to be praised for it). (Oxf)〔功績〕 3 (政府や保険会社への補償金の)請求 - make a claim on your insurance policy - to put in a claim for an allowance (Oxf)
claim to fame《主にユーモア》場所や人に重要性や関心を持たせる事柄- The city's main claim to fame is … - The only claim to fame of our town is the …
make no claime (to be / to do / etc.) 門外漢だと言うために使う表現 - I make no claim to understand modern art. (Oxf)
have a claim on sb 人の時間や注意を要求する権利がある - You have no claim on me any more. (Oxf)
crash [kræʃ] n 1ガシャン、衝撃の音 2《衝撃で音を立てて壊れる(壊す)こと》大破、粉々に壊れること、崩れ落ちること、落ちて壊れること - car crash 衝突事故、- plane crash 墜落事故 3《(人口・売上など)急に落ち込むこと》暴落 - market crash 4故障 - computer crash
adj 集中的な. - crash course 集中講座
vi vt [+ (into) sth] 1衝突する(させる)、墜落して地面に衝突する 2叩き割る、打ち壊す 3打ち鳴らす - crash the cymbals together、鳴り響かせて行く - crashing thunder 4(株価が)暴落する 5大破する 6故障する 7《俗》厚かましく押し入って泊まらせてもらう・パーティーを開く - crash a party 8心拍が止まる
curve
desert n [dézərt] 砂漠、不毛の地
v [dizə́:rt] 見捨てる、放棄する
» deserted 人気のない、さびれた
effect n 1 影響、結果 - cause and effect 因果 2影響力、効力 3意味 - I said that to this effect. 4印象づくり、作為、演出 - do sth for effect 5(視覚・聴覚・科学・物理など)効果、演出効果
伝達動詞が節をとる際、伝達の相手は節の前に表すが、2種類ある.
1 SVOOになる動詞:
He told me that sv
He asked (me) if sv
2 SVOOにならない動詞は前置詞を使う〔第3文型〕
He explained (to me) that sv
He proved (to me) that sv
He requested (to me) that sv
He said / spoke / talked (to me) that sv
He suggested (to me) that sv
「~に」と言うのに前置詞 to が必須で第4文型にならない動詞
add sb/sth (to sth)
compare sb/sth (to sb/sth)
introduce sb/sth (to you)〔目的語も人の場合は to以下が目上〕 or introduce you to sb/sth
3通りに言える動詞:
Cows provide us milk.〔第4文型〕《米》
Cows provide milk to us.〔第3文型〕
Cows provide us with milk.〔第3文型〕
I feed my cat natural foods.
I feed natural foods to my cat .
I feed my cat with natural foods.
favor - May I ask a big favor of you? 〔丁寧な頼み方〕厚かましいお願いをしてもいいですか?
ought to do =should〔should よりフォーマル〕
prove 1vt [svo (to sb)] [svoc] [+ tosbthatsv] 証明する - prove sb guilty / innocent / a liar - He proved to me.
2linking verb* [svc] [+ adj/noun/to be] 判明する - Their fears proved (to be) groundless. (Oxf)〔能動態のままで受動態を表現していると言える▶能動受動態〕
* linking verb:補語を取り第2文型をつくる動詞
act, appear, be, become, do, feel, grow, indicate, look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stand, stay, taste, turn etc.
lie 1 vi - lay - lain - lying (on sth) 横たわる to lie down on your back, or your stuff or winter snow that is lying on the floor or ground, or the cat lying fast asleep, or the factory machines lie idle because of the strike, or a town that lies near the coast, or our past problems lay in misunderstandings、《英》our team lying second at the moment、広がる - a vallay that lies below us
n《英》the lie of the land 1土地の起伏、地勢 2情勢
2 vi n - lied - lied - lying 嘘(をつく) - to lie through your teeth 平気で真っ赤な嘘をつく - to lie your way into / out of sth ごまかして通り抜ける・逃げ失せる - to tell a lie - to give the lie to sth《正式》(一般的な認識などが実は)正しくないことを示す - a tissue of lies《文学》嘘だらけの話や言い訳
lay - laid - laid - laying sth vt adj n 1横たえる - lay a baby down on the bed - lay a hand-washed sweater flat to dry 2敷く、敷設する - lay a rug / cables / rails / the foundations of the house / the groundwork for the project / layers of newspapers / wood, sticks or coals to prepare a fire / a bet on sth etc. 3(鳥・虫・魚が)卵を産む 4《英》食器を並べてテーブルを整える - lay the table 5(契約書・報告書などを)提示する 6《正式》[+ sb/sth adj/prep] 困難に陥れる 7 lay a blame, lay a stress など、名詞の意味するところの動詞句をつくる 8《卑》
adj 1素人の 2教会で正式な職権にない
n《北米》the lay of the land 1土地の起伏、地勢 2情勢 3《卑》
lend - lent - lent v [svo(o)] [+ sth (to sth)]1(物を)貸す 2(銀行など金融会社が利子をつけて)お金を貸す 3手助け・支援をする - lend a helping hand 4《正式》 (人や物事に性質を)加味する
lend support / weight / credence etc. よりそれらしくする - ..., which lends credit to its authenticity. (Wikipedia: Tomaso Antonio Vitali)
lend itself to sth にふさわしい
lend an ear (to sb/sth) 耳を貸す、聞いてあげる
lend one's name to sth 《正式》(特に有名人が)太鼓判を押す
rate n vt vi 速さ/頻度/単位当たり料金/格づける - to rate sth high on the list of priority - to rate sth (as) a success - sth is rated number one
と格づく、という格が付く、(目的語)だけの価値がある =be worthy of - It rates a mention. 一筆に値する - It rated only a few lines in the local paper.
reason n 理、道理、わけ/理由、原因/論理/理性
v 理由づける
for some reason (話者の)知らない・分からない理由で
by reason of《正式》=because of
(it) stands to reason (that) =(it) is obvious or logical 理にかなっている
regard vt [svo(+adv/prep)] 1《正式》(叙述するように)見る - The police regarded them with suspicion 2 と見る・みなす・思う - She regards him as a friend.〔as は省略できない〕- regarded highly
as regards sth〔as は関係代名詞、 regards は動詞〕《正式》= with[in] regard[respect] to sth〔regard は名詞〕《正式》(参照:Oxf, M-W, and Google) に関して(略:WRT (ネット用語))- As regards the first of these issues, ...
n 1《正式》〔不可算〕配慮 2《正式》〔不可算〕認識 - hold sb in high regard(= have a good opinion of (Oxf)) - have great regard for someone's ability (Oxf)〔敬服、高い評価〕 - a kid without proper regard for his parents (Oxf) 3 Regards 手紙文を友愛を込めて閉じる言葉
responsible adj 1 [+ (for sb/sth/doing sth)] 責任ある職務にある 2 [+ (for sth)] 問題を犯した責任のある 3原因の - Smoking being responsible for many deaths from lung cancer. 4上位者に報告の義務がある 5責任感のある 6の責務のある、の担当の
spell (英 - spelt) v 1 つづる/2《北米口語》人を休憩のために交代させる - C-a-t spells cat. -The crop failure spelled disaster for many farmers. (Oxford)〔比喩的/もたらした、意味した〕- Carter will be here in an hour to spell you. (Oxford)〔※「つづり」の意味の名詞はspellingで、スペルやスペルミスは和製英語〕
>> misspell v 誤ってつづる >> misspelling n
n 1期間、時間、間 - a spell of hot weather - a brief spell at the post office 2呪文 3魅力